The Rise and Fall of Weimar and the Rise of Hitler

The Rise and Fall of Weimar and the Rise of Hitler Between World War One and Two, Germany encountered a few changes in government: from a ruler to vote based system to the ascent of another despot, a Fã ¼hrer. To be sure, it’s this last chief, Adolf Hitler, who legitimately started the second of the twentieth century’s two extraordinary wars. The German Revolution of 1918-19 Confronted with rout in the First World War, the military chiefs of Imperial Germany persuaded themselves that another regular citizen government would complete two things: assume the fault for the misfortune, and convince the prospective champs of the war to request just a moderate discipline. The communist SDP was welcome to shape a legislature and they sought after a moderate course, yet as Germany broke under tension so requires an undeniable upheaval were requested by the outrageous left. Regardless of whether Germany truly experienced an upheaval in 1918-19, or whether that was crushed is discussed. The Creation and Struggle of the Weimar Republic The SDP was running Germany, and they set out to make another constitution and republic. This was appropriately made, based at Weimar in light of the fact that the conditions in Berlin were dangerous, yet issues with the allies’ requests in the Treaty of Versailles created a rough way, which just deteriorated in the mid 1920s as reparations helped hyperinflation and looming monetary breakdown. However Weimar, with a political framework that delivered a great many alliances, endure, and encountered a social Golden Age. The Origins of Hitler and the Nazi Party In the mayhem following the finish of World War One, many periphery parties rose in Germany. One was explored by a military man called Hitler. He joined, showed an ability for demagoguery, and before long assumed control over the Nazi Party and extended its enrollment. He may have moved too soon accepting his Beer Hall Putsch would work, even with Ludendorff as an afterthought, yet figured out how to transform a preliminary and time in jail into a triumph. By the mid-twenties, he’d set out to at any rate start his ascent to control semi-legitimately. The Fall of Weimar and Hitler’s Rise to Power The Golden Age of Weimar was social; the economy was still hazardously subject to American cash, and the political framework was unsteady. At the point when the Great Depression expelled the US advances the German economy was injured, and disappointment with the middle gatherings prompted fanatics like the Nazis developing in votes. Presently the top degree of German legislative issues slipped towards the dictator government, and majority rules system fizzled, all before Hitler figured out how to abuse viciousness, gloom, dread and political pioneers who disparaged him to become Chancellor. Settlement of Versailles and Hitler The Treaty of Versailles was for some time accused for driving straightforwardly to the Second World War, however this is currently viewed as an exaggeration. By the by, it’s conceivable to contend a few parts of the Treaty contributed to Hitler’s ascend to control. The Creation of the Nazi Dictatorship By 1933 Hitler was Chancellor of Germany, yet was a long way from secure; in principle, President Hindenburg could sack him at whatever point he needed. Inside months he had destroyed the constitution and set up a ground-breaking, holding autocracy because of brutality and the last demonstration of political self destruction from the resistance groups. Hindenburg then kicked the bucket, and Hitler joined his activity with the administration to make a Fã ¼hrer. Hitler would now reshape all regions of German life.

Silica Tetrahedron Defined and Explained

Silica Tetrahedron Defined and Explained Most by far of minerals in the Earths rocks, starting from the crust to the iron center, are artificially classed as silicates. These silicate minerals are totally founded on a compound unit called the silica tetrahedron. You Say Silicon, I Say Silica The two are comparative, (yet neitherâ should be mistaken for silicone, which is a manufactured material). Silicon, whose nuclear number is 14, was found by Swedish scientific expert Jã ¶ns Jacob Berzelius in 1824. It is the seventh most copious component known to man. Silica is an oxide of silicon-henceforth its other name, silicon dioxide-and is the essential segment of sand. Tetrahedron Structure The concoction structure ofâ silica structures a tetrahedron. It comprises of a focal silicon molecule encompassed by four oxygen particles, with which the focal iota bonds. The geometric figure drawn around this plan has four sides, each side being a symmetrical triangle-aâ tetrahedron. To imagine this, envision a three-dimensional ball-and-stick model in which three oxygen particles are holding up their focal silicon molecule, much like the three legs of a stool, with the fourth oxygen iota staying straight up over the focal atom.â Oxidation Synthetically, the silica tetrahedron works this way: Silicon has 14 electrons, of which two circles the core in the deepest shell and eight fill the following shell. The four outstanding electrons are in its furthest valence shell, leaving it four electrons short, making, for this situation, aâ cation with four positive charges. The four external electrons are effortlessly acquired by different components. Oxygen has eight electrons, leaving it two shy of an entire second shell. Its strive after electrons is the thing that makes oxygen such a solid oxidizer, a component equipped for causing substances to lose their electrons and, now and again, corrupt. For example, iron before oxidation is an amazingly solid metal until it is presented to water, in which case it structures rust and corrupts. In that capacity, oxygen is a brilliant match with silicon. Just, for this situation, they structure an exceptionally solid bond. Every one of the four oxygens in the tetrahedron shares one electron from the silicon iota in a covalent bond, so the subsequent oxygen molecule is an anion with one negative charge. Along these lines the tetrahedron all in all is a solid anion with four negative charges, SiO44â€. Silicate Minerals The silica tetrahedron is a solid and stable mix that effectively interfaces up together in minerals, sharing oxygens at their corners. Segregated silica tetrahedra happen in numerous silicates, for example, olivine, where the tetrahedra are encircled by iron and magnesium cations. Sets of tetrahedra (SiO7) happen in a few silicates, the most popular of which is likely hemimorphite. Rings of tetrahedra (Si3O9 or Si6O18) happen in the uncommon benitoite and the basic tourmaline, separately. Most silicates, in any case, are worked of long chains and sheets and structures of silica tetrahedra. The pyroxenes and amphiboles have single and twofold chains of silica tetrahedra, individually. Sheets of connected tetrahedra make up the micas, muds, and other phyllosilicate minerals. At long last, there are structures of tetrahedra, in which each corner is shared, bringing about a SiO2 recipe. Quartz and the feldspars are the most noticeable silicate minerals of this sort. Given the pervasiveness of the silicate minerals, it is sheltered to state that theyâ form the essential structure of the planet.

Questioning Stuff

Questioning Stuff Have you ever looked around your home and wondered why you have so much stuff? Or do you, like most people, simply accept the stuff thats there because its your stuff? Instead of question why you have the stuff, do you just spend hours organizing it, cleaning it, and occasionally replacing it if it needs  to be replaced? We did that, too. For many, many years. And like us, you, too, can break the cycle. Look around. Pick up something you havent used in a while. Hold it in your hands. Feel it. Look it over. Think about it. When was the last time you really needed this thing? If you havent used it in a while, why do you still have it? Are you holding on to it just in case? Questioning the meaning we give to our stuff is the basis of minimalism. By paring down and getting rid of lifes excess, we can focus on whats important. There isnt anything wrong with owning stuff. The problem is when we give too much meaning to the stuff we own without questioning why we own it. Over the few couple years, the two of us have questioned everything, from our clothes and our furniture, to our homes and our cars. Question something today. Question something tomorrow. Discover a meaningful life. Lather, rinse, repeat. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

A Long Walk to Freedom - 1364 Words

A Long Walk to Freedom †¢ This extract is an autobiography by Nelson Mandela talking about the transition from a small undemanding child to a contributing factor in society. The writer engages our sympathy by effective use of vocabulary, various linguistic techniques and through his nostalgic tone. In the title, ‘Long Walk to Freedom,’ the long, drawn out vowels like ‘ee’ and ‘o’ reflects the struggles and difficulties in this exhausting walk. Even the word ‘walk’ co notates to the, strive for the attainment of freedom and rights of all individuals. †¢ There is a gradual flow of ideas in this extract which has a great impact as it bringing out the growth and understanding through the passage of time. In the beginning, a somber serious†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ All these horrific visions illustrated and the bitter, harsh words of truth leave an undying, unbelievable and undeniable impact on the reader. The words pierce through our ears, almost allowing us to feel the pain. It arouses a number of questions in our minds especially due to the irony, and great sympathy for the Africans. Yet, the young adults are only ‘more and more quiet’ and ‘more and more angry.’ By these repeated comparatives, the writer contrasts their present feeling of resentment to their mood of celebration earlier. All the words are slowly seeping in but it only made them rather ‘cross’ as they thought the chief was being selfish and ‘ignorant,’ in his ‘abusive comments,’ since he was not noticing the positive side – the whites brought them ‘value of the education’ and the moral cultures and etiquettes taught by them. Their tender age has almost blinded them to the ‘oppressor’ behind what they think is the ‘benefactor.’ In all, the only thing the chief ended up doing was ‘spoiling the proud feelings with wrong headed remarks,’ for the teenagers. †¢ Gradually, the pace slows and there is growth of mental maturity and realization as the true meaning of the chief’s words began to seep in Mandela’s mind. The real essence of the words had ‘sown a seed’ to the development of a potential future, although it had been ‘dormant for a long season.’ Now, the tablesShow MoreRelatedMandela Long Walk to Freedom1816 Words   |  8 PagesLong Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela Ââ€" Book Review Â…calm, patient determination to reclaim this country as your own, and now the joy that we can loudly proclaim from the rooftops--Free at last! Free at last! ... This is a time to heal the old wounds and build a new South Africa. Nelson Mandela fought his entire life. Nelson Mandela fought a fight for civil rights in South Africa on the streets and behind the prison walls. Even after 27 years behind those walls Mandela maintained his dignityRead MoreNelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom2260 Words   |  10 PagesNelson Mandela in his book, Long Walk to Freedom argues through the first five parts that a black individual must deal, coop, and grow through a society that is hindering their lives#8217; with apartheid and suppression of their rightful land. Rolihlanla Mphakanyiswa or clan name, Madiba was born on July 18, 1918 in a simple village of Mvezo, which was not accustomed to the happenings of South Africa as a whole. His father was an respected man who led a good life, but lost it because of a disputeRead MoreLong Walk And Freedom By Robert Nelson Mandela1110 Words   |  5 Pages Long Walk to Freedom, released in 1995, is a biographical story about the revolutionary and former South African President Nelson Mandela. The book narrates how Mandela becomes a remarkable leader in the construction of a democratic South Africa. It chronicles his early life, growing up, education and his 27 years in prison before becoming President and working to rebuild the country s segregated society. Mandela begins his book with a description of his ancestry and later goes on to talk aboutRead MoreNelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom Analysis Essay2976 Words   |  12 PagesLong Walk to Violence The path that lead Nelson Mandela to violence and the effects of his decision Aside from his loose Communist ties, Nelson Mandela’s use of violence was the only internationally questioned aspect of his struggle for freedom in South Africa. Most modern societies, Americans in particular, view acts of violence as inherently evil. They look to leaders such as Gandhi and Martin Luther King who brought change through nonviolent protest. However, the governments these leadersRead MoreEssay about Nelson Mandelas Long Walk To Freedom2178 Words   |  9 PagesNelson Mandela in his book, Long Walk to Freedom argues through the first five parts that a black individual must deal, coop, and grow through a society that is hindering their lives with apartheid and suppression of their rightful land. Rolihlanla Mphakanyiswa or clan name, Madiba was born on July 18, 1918 in a simple village of Mvezo, which was not accustomed to the happenings of South Africa as a whole. His father was an respected man who led a good life, but lost it because of a dispute withRead M oreLong Walk to Freedom by Nelson MandelaÂâ€" Book Review Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesLong Walk to Freedom by Nelson MandelaÂâ€" Book Review Â…calm, patient determination to reclaim this country as your own, and now the joy that we can loudly proclaim from the rooftops--Free at last! Free at last! ... This is a time to heal the old wounds and build a new South Africa. Nelson Mandela fought his entire life. Nelson Mandela fought a fight for civil rights in South Africa on the streetsRead MoreShort Summary Of Nelson Mandela s Long Walk On Freedom 2483 Words   |  10 PagesElon Fiol May 13, 2015 â€Å"Long Walk to Freedom† â€Å"I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days.† Nelson Mandela. He was birthed into greatness and it is safe to say that he was a publicly acclaimed leader for his great efforts during the Apartheid in South Africa. Many would identify a leader in many ways but, the most important aspect of leadership is toRead MoreAnalysis of South Africa Through Two Films: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, and Totsi2894 Words   |  12 Pagesown life, Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom serves as an inspirational biopic. Filmed on location in South Africa, the film focuses most of its time on Mandela’s early life and transition into adulthood, while dedicating only a small portion to Mandela’s life and political achievements after imprisonment. Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom can be divided into three parts: Mandela’s early life and coming of age, his u nfortunate imprisonment, and lastly the effects of his unexpected freedom. The opening sceneRead MoreNelson Mandela Prisoner to Freedom Essay552 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn’t leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I’d still be in prison† (Mandela). In recent times, since Mandela’s death, his renowned views on leadership have been of great debate around the world. To most, he was the first president of South Africa, a respected and courageous leader, but before that he was a convicted terrorist. His â€Å"hatred for the oppressor† taught him to forgive and forget and to emerge from prisonRead MoreThe Power Of Freedom By Kate Chopin1279 Words   |  6 PagesRoberts EFL 095-4103 17 November 2014 The Power of Freedom An Indispensable Right There are a variety of birds that make wonderful house pets, and most of these birds don’t mind living in a cage. However, this is not the case for the cockatiel. When the cockatiel is not able to fly freely and have social interaction with other birds of its type, it becomes depressed and plucks out all of its feathers, one by one. It longs for freedom. The kind of freedom it would get out in the wild. According to Longman’s

Eco 550 Assignment 2 - 983 Words

ABSTRACT In earlier times, communities were small and intimate. Personal information was preserved in the memories of friends, family, and neighbors, and it was spread by gossip and storytelling. Today, information is spreading through massive electronic record systems and databases. Privacy become very important and growing concern in every country around the world. Modern computing technologies and the Internet have generated the capacity to collect, manipulate, and share massive quantities of data. In this paper, I will be discussing the advantages and disadvantages of public access to citizens’ private data and other topics on the value of digital privacy. 1. List and describe at least three (3) technologies that allow an†¦show more content†¦If you need to pay for some service or product, pay by Paypal. It is very reliable and trusted company. 4. Discuss a federal law that grants the federal government the legal right to make private information on U.S. citizens available to the public, and whether or not you agree with this law. Federal government regulate only certain areas, leaving it to the Internet user to avoid unwanted data collection or use and the private companies to apply protective privacy policies that are followed. It is very difficult to determine where to draw the line to prevent unwanted use and storage of consumer information and how best to protect a person’s online privacy while leaving room for freedom of speech and e-commerce for Web site owners and online advertisers. 5. Determine whether there are â€Å"electronic privacy laws† that can prevent others from having access to â€Å"private information† as well as how effective they are. Information count private if associated with an individual. Some types of private information, such as education, employment, person’s health information, may be protected by privacy laws. Unauthorized disclosure of private information can makeShow MoreRelatedEco 550 Assignment 2 Essay1987 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 2: Operations Decisions Eco 550 Managerial Economics The purpose of this paper is to discuss the reasons why I, as a hired management consultant, would suggest a fictitious company either shut down operations or continue them based on its operational health. In order to do this I must first describe, in brief, the basic details of the company I have created to provide some tangibility to this assignment. Then I will assess the current environmental scan factors relevant to the decisionRead MoreECO 550 Assignment 2 Operations Decision1881 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 2 Operations Decision ECO 555 Managerial Economics Strayer University August, 2014 Despite outstanding technological advancements in the industry, the quality of manufactured food products has become a major concern of the time when seen from the health and wellness perspective. 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Portrayals of Minorities in pop culture Free Essays

1. ) One example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is on the TV show, The Simpsons. Apu Nahasapeemapetilon is portrayed as your typical Indian convenience store owner. We will write a custom essay sample on Portrayals of Minorities in pop culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now He speaks in Indian English, owns a convenience store, his marriage was arranged, he has a strong work ethic, and he has a large number of children. He is portrayed this way in every episode that he appears in. The portrayal is negative and is stereotyping people who are Indian. The portrayal reinforces the stereotypes that Indian immigrants own convenience stores and work all of the time. Personally, I would not want other members of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because it paints a negative picture of the culture. It stereotypes all Indian immigrants as the same. This reinforces the idea that race plays a major role in status in our society and people are looked at differently based on their race. On the show, this stereotype is perceived as humorous and people who watch this show are receiving little knowledge about the actual group of people. 2. ) An example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is shown on the TV show, Cops. This show portrays people who are minorities to be violent, drug dealers, unintelligent, poor family members. Almost all of the drug deals that go on and the violence that goes on is between blacks and other minorities. This is a negative portrayal and it reinforces these certain stereotypes. It showcases blacks and other minorities as being violent and involved with drugs. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want to be known as an unintelligent, violent drug dealer who can’t get along with his family. It is a very negative stereotype. 3. ) On the TV show, South Park, minorities are negatively portrayed in almost every single episode. One episode in particular is called, â€Å"The Passion of the Jew. † This episode was a satire of the movie, The Passion of the Christ, but also made fun of people who are Jewish. This show negatively portrays people who are Jewish as being cheap, overprotective, nagging, and pokes fun at their religion. It reinforces these stereotypes and also goes further by negatively talking about the Jewish religion and their practices. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because it portrays me as being stingy and makes jokes about my religion. Based on this portrayal, it seems as though some television shows are able to make fun of any race that they please. 4. ) Another example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is in the movie, The Perfect Score. One of the students in the movie who is Asian is portrayed as being a drug user but extremely smart. He uses drugs all of the time but is still able to get good grades in school. This is a negative portrayal of people who are Asian and it stereotypes them as drug users and of having above average intelligence. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want to be perceived as a person who smokes marijuana and is a stoner. I would want to be portrayed as intelligent but not a drug user. Based on this portrayal, I feel that race plays an important part in statuses because different races are thought to be of higher statuses. 5. ) An example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is on the TV show, Beverley Hills 90210. People in this show, who are mainly white, are viewed as being extremely rich, affluent, greedy, and having a ton of drama in their lives. It stereotypes the typical â€Å"California teenager. † It is a negative portrayal of young people who live in California. It reinforces the stereotypes of the typical California surfer and teenager. All teenagers who live in California don’t act this way, but they are portrayed as being like this. This portrayal can also be seen in newer shows such as Laguna Beach and The Hills. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want to be seen as a rich snob who relies on their parent’s money. I would want to just blend in with society. I feel that people who are white are sometimes given a higher status then people of other races. . ) In the movie Soul Man, minorities are portrayed as having an easier time of getting into college. In this movie, a student who wants to get into a particularly difficult school dyes his skin a darker color so he can hopefully get in. This is a negative portrayal of minorities because it is saying that they have an easier chance of getting into college because they are a minority. It reinforces the stereotype that colleges have a certain quota to fill and that minorities sometimes do have an easier time getting into a certain college. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other members of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want them to think that I got accepted into a college because of my race. I would want my acceptance into college to be viewed as an achievement because I worked hard in high school. This portrayal sends out the message that minorities are sometimes given extra benefits because of what colleges have to do. 7. ) An example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is on the TV show, Family Matters. This show is about a middle-class African American family that lives in Chicago. I believe this show is a positive portrayal because it shows a functional black family with goals and aspirations. Other shows that I have watched unfortunately present blacks as violent people who are often linked to crime. They are portrayed as â€Å"gangsters† in many shows, and it seems as though their only aspirations are to become a rapper or a basketball player. However, in Family Matters, there is a middle class black family that is portrayed in a very positive light. There are no violent acts being committed, and as a matter of fact, the father is a policeman who helps prevent violent acts. If I were a member of this group I would approve of this portrayal because this family is not being portrayed as a dysfunctional black family. This show was able to incorporate comedy in the episodes without being demeaning. 8) In the movie Mean Girls, there is a group of Asians called the â€Å"Asian Nerds† and they are constantly studying. Asians are often linked with the stereotype that they are superior students. I feel as though this could be both a negative and positive stereotype. It is good to be seen as successful and smart but not all Asians should be perceived to be academically exceptional. I would not want to be perceived in this way because then it seems like you have an expectations to live up to and what if you cannot live up to them? What if you are Asian and you are not a â€Å"genius†? I would constantly feel pressure and if I was unable to live up to that expectation I can only imagine the anxiety that I would feel and I would most likely be embarrassed to get help. It is true that it is positive thing to be seen as a successful race but it comes along with too many expectation and negative stereotypes such as being uninterested in having fun. ) This cover of Vogue magazine can be interpreted negatively because some people believe that Lebron James is standing in a gorilla-like pose. This cover can be traced back to days when scientists were claiming that blacks are linked to apes. This is a negative stereotype because it dehumanizes black. Researchers say that even though depictions of blacks as apes have disappeared; it is still in the subconsciouses of others. Society may be more likely to link blacks with crime and violence because they still don’t accept blacks as fully human. The fact that blacks are still being associated with apes is very distressing. Clearly, if I were in this group I would not want other members of society viewing me as â€Å"ape-like. † It dehumanizes blacks and links them to negative actions such as crime. 10. Another example of how minorities are portrayed in the media is through a show called The Office. In one of the episodes, the main character Michael is forming a basketball team and he immediately recruits one of his employees named Stanley, because he is black. He automatically assumes that Stanley is good at basketball because he is black even though Stanley tries to tell him otherwise. However, Michael clings onto the stereotype that all blacks are good at basketball and in the end he is proved wrong. I do not think this is a good stereotype because you cannot group everybody that belongs to a certain race into one category. Not all blacks are going to be good at basketball, just like not all Asians are going to be smart. We develop pre-conceived notions about people based on their race, and it is not good. I would not want other members of society perceiving me in this way because the stereotype does not hold true for all blacks. How to cite Portrayals of Minorities in pop culture, Papers

Pharmacology for Dyspnea - Crackles/Rales -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePharmacology for Dyspnea, Crackles/Rales and Hypertension. Answer: The two considerations the nurse would keep in mind regarding administration of albumin are as follows- The nurse is supposed to monitor vital signs of the patients before administration of albumin. In addition, monitoring of CVP, and intake and output before and throughout therapy is crucial. In case the patient is found to suffer from fever, hypotension or tachycardia, the infusion is to be stopped, and the physician is to be noted immediately. The nurse is supposed to carry out an assessment for the signs of vascular overload. Such a condition is demonstrated by elevated CVP, dyspnea, crackles/rales, hypertension, and venous distension after administration of albumin (Black, 2016). If the patient is suffering from the concurrent condition of severe renal failure, the nurse might question the order for albumin. According to Caironi et al., (2014) albumin is to be used with caution in patients who are suffering from renal failure as there is a high chance of possible accumulation of aluminum in the body. Albumin has been found to be having trace amounts of aluminum which when accumulated in patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiencies leads to toxic manifestations. Such manifestations include vitamin D-refractory osteodystrophy, hypercalcemia, anaemia, and severe progressive encephalopathy. The potential risk is to be considered in regards to the anticipated benefits that the patient would receive. Increase in blood pressure and blood volume would indicate that the albumin administration has been successful. Further, the urinary output would be increased that is a reflection of mobilization of fluid from extravascular tissues. Albumin infusion provides colloidal oncotic pressure that is helpful in mobilizing fluid into the intravascular space from the intravascular tissues. Bodhi is to be assessed for conditions such as a headache, fluid overload, hypertension, increased salivation, tachycardia, vomiting, nausea, back pain, chills, flushing and fever. Serum sodium levels for the patient are to be monitored thoroughly. The rationale is that higher concentration of serum sodium levels might be observed in the patient after administration of albumin. Infusion of serum albumin might lead to false higher concentration of alkaline phosphatase levels. In addition, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are to be determined (Caironi et al., 2015). Bodhi is also to be explained about the purpose of administering albumin. He is also to be instructed to report signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions if suffered by him. Most importantly, he is to be educated to address his condition of impaired liver functioning. Bodhi has a history of alcoholism, and therefore he is to be educated to quit alcohol consumption. The association between alcoholism and liver functioning impairment is to be explained to the patient. Liver injury is known to be a result of direct toxicity due to metabolic by-products of alcohol and by inflammation caused as a result of these byproducts. The patient is also to be educated about the importance of maintaining a diet plan. Protein intake is to be restricted to the patient in addition to decreased salt consumption. Self-care for seeping fluids is important in order to reduce the risk of infection (Butcher et al., 2018). References Black, B. (2016).Professional Nursing-E-Book: Concepts Challenges. Elsevier Health Sciences. Butcher, H. K., Bulechek, G. M., Dochterman, J. M. M., Wagner, C. (2018).Nursing Interventions classification (NIC)-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Caironi, P., Langer, T., Gattinoni, L. (2015). Albumin in critically ill patients: the ideal colloid?.Current opinion in critical care,21(4), 302-308. Caironi, P., Tognoni, G., Masson, S., Fumagalli, R., Pesenti, A., Romero, M., ... Iapichino, G. (2014). Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.New England Journal of Medicine,370(15), 1412-1421.

Middle Colonies Essay Example

Middle Colonies Essay The North American Colonies are split up into three sub colonies; the sub colonies are the New England Colony, the Middle Colony, and the Southern Colony. The New England Colony consists of Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. The Middle Colony consists of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. The Southern Colony consists of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The economies that developed in these three areas are very different. The New England Colony economy was based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, and small-scale subsistence farming. The Middle Colony developed an economy based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, trading, and eventually, manufacturing. The Southern Colony was almost entirely based on agriculture. The Middle Colony was the most productive in their economic role in the thirteen colonies because of the amount of work produced, the type of work that was done, and the money generated. The Middle Colony was most productive because they had the best climate for the different types of economic activities. The New England Colony developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, and small-scale subsistence farming. The natural resources of the New England Colony include trees, whales, fish, and furs. Fish and other seafood are exported to Spain, Portugal, and the West Indies through the Columbian Exchange to make large profits. The seafood includes clams, lobsters, oysters, fish, and whales. Whaling also makes a big profit because so many parts of the whale are used. The long cold winters and poor soil made farming difficult. The good amounts of timber encouraged their own ship building and trading. Harbors caused sea trade to increase and become a great source of wealth. The alarming development and aggressiveness of great capitalists and corporations, unless checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses. It is imperative, if we desire to enjoy the full blessings of life, that a check be placed upon unjust accumulation, and the power for evil of aggregated wealth. † The Middle Colony was the most productive out of all three of them. The Middle Colony developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, trading, and eventually, manufacturing. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Colonies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Colonies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Colonies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The tolerance of religion resulted in the Middle Colony’s success as the commercial center of the North American Colony. The Middle Colony was also known as the bread basket of the thirteen colonies because of their large grain export. Factories in Maryland produced iron and factories in Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles. Trade with England was plentiful in these colonies as well. Manufacturing in the Middle Colony included iron ore products like tools, kettles, nails and plows and huge blocks of iron to export to Britain. Also manufacturing was a very big industry; they made-clocks, watches’, guns, locks, cloth, and hats. Trade in the Middle Colony included exported agricultural products and natural resources, imported European manufactured goods, but never they developed triangular trade routes. The Southern Colony is the least productive of them all because they do not do the work themselves. Virginia and the other Southern Colony developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grow â€Å"cash crops† such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe through the Atlantic slave trade. It ought readily to be conceded that the cultivation of the earth–as the primary and most certain source of national supply–as the immediate and chief source of subsistence to man– as the principal source of those materials which constitute the nutriment of other kinds of labor–as including a state most favorable to the freedom and indepen dence of the human mind–one, perhaps, most conducive to the multiplication of the human species–has intrinsically a strong claim to pre-eminence over every other kind of industry. The main feature of the South was the plantation, a large plot of land that contained a great amount of acres of farmland and buildings in which the people lived on, who owned the land and the people who worked the land. Over time the south developed the idea of slavery and it became a key part of the southern economy. During the 17th and 18th centuries many Negro slaves from Africa were brought to the South to work on the plantations. The slaves had no rights of their own. Some Southern Colonies passed laws saying that the Africans could be bought and sold as slaves. The economy grew increasingly dependent on slavery and revolved around the southern society. The economic and social classes became more separated. In addition, the climates of these three areas played a major factor in the economy of these colonies. The climate of the New England Colony was colder than the other two set of Colonies because it is the farthest north. The geography of the New England Colony consists of many hills and rocky soil, and allowed for several growing seasons and supported cash crops. The partly unglaciated Middle Colonies enjoyed fertile soil vastly different from the nearby New England Colonies, which contained more rocky soil. Broad navigable rivers of relaxed current like the Susquehanna River, the Delaware River, and the Hudson River attracted diverse business. The climate in the Middle Colony was relatively warmer than the New England Colony, allowing for a longer growing season. The geography of the Southern Colony is rich soil. The growing season lasted for seven or eight months. The many waterways along the southern coast formed the tidewater region. The geography allowed the plantation owners to produce large amounts of crops, which allowed the owners to expand their plantations, buy more slaves, and further increase their wealth. My conclusion is that the Middle Colony was the most productive of the Colony. The Middle Colony was the most productive in their economic role in the thirteen colonies because of the amount of work produced the work that was done and the money that came in. The Middle Colony was most productive because the main feature was the industries, in which everyone had a job and worked for mass production. The Middle Colony depended on the people and not there slaves to cultivate the land for them. The people in the Middle Colony did all the work themselves, and due to the location had many advantages over the New England Colony and the Southern Colony. Works Cited The 13 American Colonies Part 2: Characteristics of the Colonies. Social Studies for Kids. Web. 17 Mar. 2010. . The 13 American Colonies Part 2: Characteristics of the Colonies. Social Studies for Kids. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. . Alexander Hamilton, Report on Manufactures. History Web Pages. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. . HADC Preamble and Declaration of Principles of the Knights of Labor of America. Chicago History Museum |. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. . Life in Middle Colonies. East Buchanan Community Schools. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. . Middle and Southern Colonies, Slavery in the Southern Colonies, Map of the Southern Colonies, New England Middle and Southern Colonies, Maps of the Southern Colonies, Geography of the Southern Colonies, Southern Colonie s Climate, Southern Colonies Economy, American Southern Colonies,

Free Essays on International trade in the post-WWII era

International trade in the post-WWII era. More of this Feature International Trade Trade/Environment Trade/Environment Links Related Resources Environment/WTO Tuna/Dolphins Shrimp/Turtles NAFTA/Environment Following the end of WWII, the allies decided that a prosperous and lasting peace depended not only on the creation of a stable international political order based on principles embedded in the United Nations (UN) Charter, but also on the creation of a stable liberal international economic order. The twin pillars of the international financial system, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), emerged as the institutional alternative to the regionalism characteristic of international financial practices in the post-WWI era. An international trading system, built on free trade principles, was also considered as an alternative to the protectionist global trade regime that evolved, especially after the depression. State foreign economic policies followed the pattern of the United States, which opted to manage domestic economic policy partially by implementing the Smoot-Hawley Act, an act which promoted tariff based import reduction. Contrary to their international financial counterparts, international trade agreements evolved into their current institutional form during the course of almost a fifty year history. The trade compliment to the post-war international political economy the International Trade Organization (ITO) was negotiated in Havana, Cuba. Political disagreements ultimately spelled the end of the ITO as a formal organization, yet participants considered trade issues important enough to resurrect portions of the ITO charter and transform them into a less formal, free standing trade agreement known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. (GATT). Figure 1 briefly outlines the history of G... Free Essays on International trade in the post-WWII era Free Essays on International trade in the post-WWII era International trade in the post-WWII era. More of this Feature International Trade Trade/Environment Trade/Environment Links Related Resources Environment/WTO Tuna/Dolphins Shrimp/Turtles NAFTA/Environment Following the end of WWII, the allies decided that a prosperous and lasting peace depended not only on the creation of a stable international political order based on principles embedded in the United Nations (UN) Charter, but also on the creation of a stable liberal international economic order. The twin pillars of the international financial system, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), emerged as the institutional alternative to the regionalism characteristic of international financial practices in the post-WWI era. An international trading system, built on free trade principles, was also considered as an alternative to the protectionist global trade regime that evolved, especially after the depression. State foreign economic policies followed the pattern of the United States, which opted to manage domestic economic policy partially by implementing the Smoot-Hawley Act, an act which promoted tariff based import reduction. Contrary to their international financial counterparts, international trade agreements evolved into their current institutional form during the course of almost a fifty year history. The trade compliment to the post-war international political economy the International Trade Organization (ITO) was negotiated in Havana, Cuba. Political disagreements ultimately spelled the end of the ITO as a formal organization, yet participants considered trade issues important enough to resurrect portions of the ITO charter and transform them into a less formal, free standing trade agreement known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. (GATT). Figure 1 briefly outlines the history of G...

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Literature - Essay Example In fact, children’s literature is a tool for cultural transmission and they reveal and are illuminated by the values of the time in which they were written. This paper seeks to explore Hollindale’s concept of the reader as an ideologist and the idea that meaning is inevitably inferential in a text is explored with special reference to Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. One should have a thorough theoretical background of Peter Hollindale’s concepts of how ideology is at work in Children’s book. For Hollindale, ideology operates at three different levels within texts: explicit ideology (which includes the values and beliefs that the author consciously intends in the text), implicit ideology (unexamined values which the author is unaware of conveying), and the ideologies of the dominant culture (widely accepted values of the dominant culture that prevails in the given time and place of the text). These three levels of ideology are at work in any piece of texts and no doubt the reader’s perception of the text is very much affected by the level these ideologies occur. In this respect, Trites (2000, p. 70) observes how Hollindale â€Å"distinguishes explicit textual ideology from implicit textual ideology by asking us to investigate the messages the author intends to communicate in conjunction with those he communicates passively as â€Å"unexamined assumptions†; thus, for Hollindale the text communicates two opposing levels of ideology-one that the text explicitly states or implies directly and the other and inferred by the reader in the text. Thus, the implied meaning comes from the author whereas the inferred meaning originates from the reader and can vary from one reader to another depending on how one perceives the text. The authorial intended meaning dominated literary criticism in the past and theorists were preoccupied with the implied meaning that the

What are the major problems with the evolutionist practice of Essay - 1

What are the major problems with the evolutionist practice of classifying cultures into stages of progressive development - Essay Example 87). This evolutionary progression of societies and cultures was highly applauded, as most anthropologists touted it as the preeminent means of truly understanding the societal setting in terms of development. Through this, such social anthropologists and theorists as Henry Morgan highly relied on this conception of social evolutionism to describe the various developmental stages that societies and cultures were undergoing. This position perceived societal and cultural differences as being the result of the given societies undergoing varied stages of the social evolutionistic phases (Evans-Pritchard 2004, p. 112). However, with the continued research and analysis, speculations have arisen over the realism of this social theory of classifying cultures into varied developmental stages. The emerging contemporary view on this was that the theory has imperfections and cannot be fully referred to in explanation of the cultural diversities and differences that exist (Kuper 1988, p. 199). While the earlier anthropologists held the view that societal development took place as a single entity, subsequent social anthropologists are of the view that this societal development is variant upon each soci ety, with each exhibiting its own levels of developmental stages distinct from others. In delimiting the shortcomings of the evolutionist practice of classifying cultures into subsequent stages of progressive development, classical theorists argue that the theory fails to look at the varying environments in which the different societies are traced. This provides a possible perspective from which the social evolutionism theory fails to fully capture the manner in which societies are set. Furthermore, such early anthropologists as Edward Taylor specifically relied upon information from indigenous cultures, and drew conclusions from such findings and generalizing them to the

Analysis of Motivations for Rural Tourism

Analysis of Motivations for Rural Tourism Chapter1. Introduction Travel motives and attempted to understand what motive affect tourists travel decision making process and when. Both the leisure and tourism literature have recognised that when people are motivated, they are more likely to participate in leisure travel and encourage tourists to engage in pleasure trip. None of studies have shown meaningful way of findings on ‘what type of motives occur and ‘how tourists are influenced by motivational factors with respect to the travel decision making process. Countryside background of the researchers is also, one of the inspired to choose rural tourism. Along with the researchers holiday experience in New Forest National Park become a motivation to examine the types of visitors and reason of the visiting New Forest National Park as a rural tourism. It was necessary to find out who are the rural tourists in the park In order to study for rural tourism in the park. After that the New Forest National Park would able to find a problems, improvement or enhancement for participants as well as non participants as a rural tourism. In addition, if there is anything to learn or find out the researcher would like to adapt to home countrys rural tourism development. This study was designed to investigate the motivation of rural tourism and identify the visitors in New Forest National Park. Rural tourists were identified and profiled and then rural tourists were investigated based on motivations for participating in rural tourism. 1.1 Background of New National Forest Park The New Forest was originally Woodland, but parts were cleared for cultivation from the Stone Age and into the Bronze Age. The poor quality of the soil in the New Forest meant that the cleared areas turned into heathland waste. The New Forest was created as a royal forest by William the conqueror for the hunting of deer. As of 2005, roughly ninety percent of the New Forest is still owned by the Crown, the Crown lands have been managed by the Forest Commission since 1923. Around half of the Crown lands fall inside the new National Park. New Forest National Park is an area that remains mostly undeveloped, unspoiled and has a high scenic. The New Forest national park Authority is an independent organisation. The park is operating in a local government framework which is funded by central UK government. The New Forest National Park is the smallest national park in south coast of England and the park has become a national park since 2005. There are more than 20 members who have overall responsibility for making decisions, for setting policies and priorities and for making sure that resources are used properly and they are supported by 70 other staffs who expertise across a range of disciplines including planning, conservation, recreation, education, finance and communication. 1.2 Overview of rural tourism in UK Tourism is becoming increasingly important to the UK economy, environmental, culture. The importance of tourism to local economies varies across the UK. Some place like London has an enormous investment in the tourist industry, while others lag far behind. Nevertheless, the future of tourism is full of potential for small business. With the increases in security concerns for international travel and travel to large major areas, many rural tourist companies are moving in with their own offerings. Many of these low-risk rural areas may be able to rely on tourism as an important part of their economy. Cloke (1992) cites privatisation in the UK as a major process stimulating this form of rural production focused on rural recreation and tourism. The new political economy influencing agriculture in the EC has also facilitated farm diversification into new form of tourism accommodation and attractions. A variety of tourist opportunities exist throughout rural area in UK and tend to continue to grow as increasing numbers of local entrepreneurs identify new way to market previously untapped local resources and attractions, and bring tourists into their areas. Moreover, the nature of tourism is especially well – suited to small-scale rural enterprises such as farm inn. Many remote areas are ideal locations for nature-based activities like walking, hunting and fishing, or ecotourism activities such hiking and rafting. Travelers interested in local cultures as well as the heritage of places they visit find an added benefit in having the towns local history buff lead a tour through the battlefield. For instance, Agriculture tourism invites tourists to experience working ranches, hay rides, corn mazes, and pumpkin patches etc†¦ At a time of change and uncertainty in the countryside, when many traditional rural industries are in decline or needing to adapt to stay in business, tourism represents an opportunity to stablise and support businesses and services. In carefully introduced and managed, and appropriate in scale and activity, tourism can help revitalise declining community facilities and services to the benefit of businesses, residents and the local economy. Rural tourism represents a merging of perhaps two of the most influential yet contradictory features of modern life. Not only are the forces of economic, social, cultural, environmental and political change working to redefine rural spaces the world over, but also, broad global transformations in consumption and transportation patterns are reshaping leisure behavior and travel. For these concerned with the nature of change in rural areas and tourism development, the dynamics and impacts of integrating these two dramatic shifts are not well know but yet are becoming increasingly provocative discourses for study.   1.3 Aims of the study 1.3.1 Aims It is important note that to identify the rural tourism visitors and their motivation of the trip in order to increase the number of the visitors as well as manages the rural destination without damages.  This proposed study is comprised of three parts. The first part of the study and dissertation will identify and profile the rural tourism tourists in New Forest National Park. This will involve profiles of rural tourism participants at the destination. The next part will identify motivational factor of the visitors in New Forest National Park rural tourism. This will involve identify the reason of the rural tourism trip.  The next park will determine the factors that affect rural tourism participation decisions. This will identify determine the factors that affect rural to tourism participation decisions. The aim is broad to allow for other discussion which after reviewing the literature reviews. It will be appear relevant to the paper. 1.3.2 Objectives Three objectives are formulated for this study. Research question are also related to each objective are described. The purpose of this dissertation thus is to examine the type of travel motivations that affecting tourists decision making behaviour in rural tourism. The first of the study will identify and profile the rural tourism in New Forest National Park. Second of the study will examine the motivational factor which underlies their initial stage of travel decision. Finally, the study will investigate factors that affect tourists decision about participation in rural tourism in New Forest National Park. 1.3.3 Research questions The first of the research question is simply identified of the New Forest National Park rural tourists are? This question will identify the characteristic of the visitors such as travelling individual or family, single, male, old, young people? Do New Forest National Park tourists have a particular profile such as higher income or sex? The second research question is doing New Forest National Park rural tourists have a difference in terms of visitors motivational factor? This question will identify the any particular reasons of the rural trip in New Forest National Park. In order to answer the question the study will focus on reason of the visiting in New Forest National Park as a rural tourism. The tourists pay participation in different type of tourism such as camping, farm experience. Third question is what factors may affect to decision to participate in rural tourism in this National park. Are they participating because of seeking for particular interest? Or just want to be in rural area. This question need to identify what it the items that tourist thinks most important such as safety, transportation, scenery or distance†¦ Will be surveyed with like scale 1 to 5. Also, satisfaction of the travel will be collected. What factors affect to decisions to participate in rural tourism in New Forest National Park? What factors then affect the participation? Maybe perception of rural resources will affect the decision of whether to participate in rural tourism. 1.4 Definition of terms There are continuing common theme within the tourism literature indicating that people intend to take a rural area trip because they are motivated by variety of different forces such as escaping from daily life routine, seeking adventure, rewarding and attractive destination attributes (Cha, McCleary, and Uysal. 1995) The motivational factors are believed to play a vital role in the tourist decision making process (Crompton and Ankomah. 1993). Rural tourism includes both those who intend to staying away from home for one night or more and those out for the day in the countryside for instance, visiting attractions, walking, cycling or enjoying a whole different range of countryside activities. These people are spends money in village shops, pubs, and restaurants and in market towns. They provide a market for local produce and create and opportunities for local entrepreneurship those staying overnight will do so in hotels or inns, bed breakfast establishments or self-catering accommodation, on the farm, on caravan parks or campsites, or with friends and relatives. Those out for the day may be from within the region or from further afield, and may include those on holiday in nearby seaside resorts or on day trips out of London. They may be visiting for a specific event or to see a particular attraction. They may have a particular interest in sports, arts, museums or heritage, or seek educational outlets for their children. They may also be on business, for a meeting or small conference, or to look for commercial contracts and business opportunities. A proportion of those staying or visiting will be from overseas, including those from the near continent. The underlying dimension of motivational attributes in travel decision behaviour is worthy to note in order to understand the factors that influence travel decisions. Travel motivation might explain not only tourists initial decision of whether or not to take a trip. But also, may contribute to explaining tourists final travel decision behaviours (Fodness. 1992) 1.5 Structure of the dissertation Chapter 1 provides overview of the rural tourism and background of New Forest National Park. Also presented is a description of the research problems which is limitation of the research and study aim, objectives and research questions. Chapter 2 conducted a literature review in which discussed various aspects of rural tourism and visitors characteristic, motivation of the rural trip and visitors decision making factors. Chapter 3 describes and discusses the methods used to collect the data that was needed including the survey method and data for analysis. Chapter 4 follow on by analysis the introduction of the study and offers a range of discussion of findings. Chapter 5 completes of the study with a brief summary and se of conclusions. Limitations of the study and recommendation also discussed. The study was designed to accomplish three objectives: first identify and profile the rural tourism tourists in New Forest National Park second objective was examine the motivational factors that visitors seeking rural tourism and last objective was identify the relative travel motives decision making to reach to take a rural tourism. Chapter2. Literature reviews 2.1 Rural tourism Lane (1992) noted that a third phase in tourism is taking place – the rise of cultural tourism. In this phase rural tourism offers more jobs, a pluri-activity of work patterns, a more diversified employment structure for rural areas and a means of sustaining services, farming and forestry. Rural tourism produces pressure to enhance conservation measures, while it provides a stimulus for arts and crafts and helps sustain small communities. Keane et al.s (1992) innovative, but little-known study on rural tourism offers a number of insights into the definition of rural tourism, acknowledging that there is a variety of term used to describe tourism activity in rural areas: agri-tourism, farm tourism, rural tourism, soft tourism, alternative tourism and many others which have different meanings from one country to another. Keane also points out that it is difficult to avoid some of this confusion in relation to labels and definitions because the term ‘rural tourism has been adapted by the European Community to refer to the entire tourism activity in a rural area (Deane et al. 1992) http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=kolr=id=Axc_zw_AO0QCoi=fndpg=PR8dq=what+is+rural+tourismots=rpw1C_DgA9sig=VMW2zUvYT828-jykKDpgnLZ742Y#v=onepageq=f=false To a certain extent, undifferentiated or mass tourism exists in rural areas, but this phenomenon is usually manifested in large scale developments and at some point cases to be ‘rural in nature ; mass and rural tourism are essentially incompatible and development of the former lessen the availability of the latter. Although it would be logical to assume that everyone is a potential rural tourist at some time. The range of rural tourism products and experiences is too great for generalisations. What matters, therefore is gaining knowledge of the existing and potential rural tourists motives, preferences and behaviour regarding the various niche markets that exist; specifically, who can be attracted to a given rural tourism product? This is research task complicated by the fact that many domestic and international visitors experience urban, rural and resort attractions on the same trip.(Stephen page Donald Getz 1997) Lane (1994) recommended research into price sensitivity, the importance of particular types of land-scape, heritage and interpretive facilities, and on demand for certain types of accommodation. Better understanding of perceptions, motivators and consumption patterns (such as repeat visit) is also important. Rural tourism development attracted increasing interest in the 1990s and a growing literature has contributed to our understanding of it as an evolving phenomenon. According to long and lane (2000), rural tourism has moved into its second phase of development, its first having been characterised by growth in participation, product and business development, and partnership. Its second is predicted to be more complex, and is likely to be, given the questions that remain regarding its place in policy, its integration in practice. What is rural? There is no one commonly accepted definition for ‘rural (Willits Beatler, Timbers, 1990). In Websters dictionary, ‘rural is defined as â€Å"rural is defined as â€Å"of or pertaining of the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; and farming/agricultural (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary.1998). ‘Rural applies to sparsely settled or agricultural country. The definition of ‘rural in the Korean dictionary is â€Å"a village or area where people make a living by farming, including raising stock, sericulture, horticulture, forestry, and fruit-growing (Yahoo Korea Dictionary, 2004) Lane (1994) suggests that ‘rural tourism exists as a concept, and reflects the differing and complex pattern of rural environment, economy, history and location. ‘Rural tourism is directly related to the particular characteristics of rural area, and it is assumed that the principal motivation for visiting the countryside is to experience its reality. This motivation justifies the definition of ‘rural tourism as an identifiable type of tourism, with rural tourism being an end onto itself – to experience the countryside. Lane (1994) discusses the historical continuity in the development of rural tourism and examines some of the key issues which combine to make rural tourism distinctive. Bramwell (1994:3) suggests that, despite the problems of defining the concept of ‘rural, ‘it may be a mistake to deny our commonsense thoughts that rural areas can have distinctive characteristics or the countryside. The views and perceptions people hold of the countryside are different from those they have of urban areas, which is an important starting point for establishing the distinctiveness of rural tourism. Lane (1994) actually lists the subtle differences between urban and rural tourism, in which individual social representations of the countryside are critical component of the ways in which people interact with rural areas. In fact Squires (1993) acknowledges that both social representations and personal images of the countryside condition whether people wish to visit rural areas for tourism, and what they see and do during their visit Lane (1994) also highlights the impact of change in rural tourism since the 1970s, with far greater numbers of recreationalists and tourists now visiting rural areas. As Patmores (1983) seminal study on recreation and leisure acknowledges, the impact of car ownership has led to a geographical dispersion of recreationalists and tourists beyond existing fixed modes of transport. Consequently, tourism has moved away from a traditional emphasis on resorts, small towns and villages to become truly rural, with all but the most inaccessible wilderness areas awaiting the impact of the more mobile tourist. Despite this strong growth in the demand for rural tourism Land(1994) acknowledges the absence of any systematic sources of data on rural tourism, since neither the world Considering the demand and supply of rural tourism, it can be defined more specifically; Demand-side rural tourism is based on the nature of the visitor and is defined as â€Å"a visit by a person to any place other than his or her usual work or home environment and that is outside a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Greffe,1994,p23). On the other hand, supply-side rural tourism is more focused on a visitors place of stay. Rural tourism is also associated with a particular from of accommodation that offers tourism opportunities to participate in farm-related activities, such as vegetable gardening or caring for farm animals. ‘Agricultural tourism is specified by the act of visiting a working farm or any agricultural horticultural or agribusiness operation for the purpose of enjoyment, education, or active involvement in the activities of the farm or operation (Lobo, 2001; Buck, 2004). It includes taking part in a board range of farm-based activities, including farmers markets, petting farms, roadside stands, and ‘pick-your-own operations; engaging in overnight farm or ranch stays and other farm visits; and visiting agriculture-related festivals, museums, and other such attractions. Agricultural tourism operations provide a bridge between urban and rural dwellers. Agricultural tourism, or agri-tourism, is one alternative for improving the incomes and potential economic viability of small farms and rural communities. Farm to tourism is defined as a subset of rural tourism and is in many ways an incarnations of the traits typical to rural enterprises; small-scale, with local roots, and anchored in local traditions. It also seems to be the oldest form of rural tourism (Nilsson, 2002). The concept of rural tourism has evolved substantially in recent years. One aspect of the change is reflected in the vocabulary used to describe various types of rural tourism activities. For instance, some studies refer to outdoor-based tourism as ‘ecotourism, while other publications use the term ‘nature based tourism or ‘green tourism (Stancliffe, 1992). Although these two terms are not technically synonymous; the term ‘ecotourism suggests activities that promote conservation of nature, while nature based tourism is evocative of a broader spectrum of outdoor based recreation including hunting, fishing, camping, and the use of recreational vehicles. These new terms reflect new perspectives in the tourism industry. Green tourism – although in some countries the term ‘ green tourism refers specifically to tourism in the countryside(i.e. tourism in green areas), it is more commonly used to describe forms of tourism that are considered to be more environmentally friendly than traditional, mass tourism. Variously called ‘alternative, responsible, soft, good'(Wood and House 1991) or ‘new (Poon 1993) tourism, green tourism is an approach to tourism development which seeks to develop a symbiotic relationship(Budowski 1976) with the physical and social environment on which it depends. In other words, increasing concern about the harmful effects of mass tourism has led to calls for more sustainable forms of tourism development such as approach is, of course, of particular relevance to rural tourism given the environmental fragility of many rural areas. Heritage tourism is also often included within the scope of rural tourism and refers to leisure travel that has as its primary purpose the experiencing of places and activities that represent the past. The principal concerns of heritage tourism are historical authenticity and the long term sustainability of attractions (Gartner 2004) Ecotourism is a form of tourism development which ‘offers unique opportunities for integrating rural development, tourism, resource management, and protected area management in many sites around the world (Hvenegaard 1994). More specifically, it is a form of nature tourism which actively promotes environmental conservation, is directly beneficial to local societies and cultures, and which provides tourists with a positive, educative experience. It is, in effect, a form of alternative, sustainable tourism (Cater and Lowman 1994: 3), but one which, implicitly, depends on a rural environment. Hence, ecotourism is a subset of rural tourism, but not all rural tourism is necessarily ecotourism. When studying rural tourism, it is essential to first define exactly what is involved in rural tourism, because a lack of clarity in terms of definition can influence data collection, resulting in partial information on rural tourism with regard to both scope and scale (SharpleyRoberts, 2004) The roots of rural tourism are very similar throughout the world, no matter when it comes into practice (Fleischer Pizam, 1997). In the early days, rural tourism was developed and encouraged primarily for the purpose of revitalization and diversification of rural areas. A decline in the ability of farming and related agricultural support businesses limited the ability of farmers and rural residents to generate sufficient income causing many farmers to seek new sources of income and to diversify their farms. Also, a systematic and substantial decrease in the rural populations, the aging of these populations, now characterizes many rural areas (Fleischer Pizam, 1997; Ribeiro Marques, 2002) Tourism has long been suggested as a strategy of revitalizing rural economies. rural tourism can add income to farms and other households, provides job alternatives, diversifies the rural economy, and makes the provision of certain infrastructure possible(Oppermann,1996). Therefore, many rural communities turned to tourism to stimulate new economic development (Blaine, Mohammad, Var, 1993) Lane (1994) offers some tourism market trends that will accelerate the growth of rural tourism in the future. He points to growing interest in rural life, including heritage and tradition, an increasing health consciousness giving a positive appeal to rural lifestyles and values, market interest in high performance outdoor equipment, search for solitude and relaxation in a quiet natural place, and an aging but active population retiring earlier but living and travelling far into old age. As increasing attention has been paid to rural tourism as a specific form of tourism development, so too has the scope of research into tourism in rural areas become more diverse. Rural tourism is not new however; interest in rural tourism has increased rapidly during the past several years. The recent surge in rural tourism has come from the demand-side, due in part to increased disposable incomes improved lifestyles, increased health awareness, a mature travel market, changing tastes and preferences, and increases in automobile and weekend travel (Hill, 193; Alexander Mckenna, 1998) Opportunities for rural tourism development include general tourism growth, increased family vacationing, environmental interest, the recent dispersion of travel through growing auto travel, a mature travel market, changing tastes and preferences, urbanization, and growing weekend travel. On the other hand, there are also obstacles to rural tourism development, which include weak drawing power, dispersion of attractions and services, meagre secondary economic impacts, internal community conflicts, and destination life cycle. Hill (1993) made several suggestions for capitalizing on rural tourism opportunities and overcoming various obstacles. The major challenges he identifies are developing attractions, encouraging entrepreneurship, informing markets, reacting to changing tastes, providing quality service and preserving attractions and attractiveness. It is important to stress that a number of different tourism products or types of tourism development fall under the heading of rural tourism. However, they do not necessarily equate with it. For example, farm tourism refer to ‘all forms of tourism that are directly connected with a farm (Jansen-Verbeke and Nijmegen 1990) and includes staying on a farm, either in rooms or camping, educational visits, meals, recreational activities, and the sales of farm produce or handicrafts. Tourism has been considered as a vehicle for economic regeneration and employment creation in the UK, too. A number of local authorities have sought to capture the potential economic benefits afforded by tourism and a number of studies have investigated the ways to maximize the benefits. Thomas and Long (2001) presented the development of employee skills as a key issue for effective tourism development. They examined the link between employee skills development and the contribution of tourism to regeneration in rural areas. Wilson et al (2001) addressed the importance of the community context and rural tourism â€Å"entrepreneurs role in tourism development and promotion in rural areas. According to Wilson, the ten most important conditions for successful tourism development in rural areas include a complete tourism package, good community leadership, support and participation of local government, sufficient funds for tourism development, strategic planning, coordination and cooperation between rural tourism entrepreneurs, information and technical assistance for tourism development and promotions, good convention and visitors bureaus, and widespread community support for tourism. Cooperation of all elements of the industry and the community has also been emphasized by Hunt (1992). Additionally, he has suggests a broad-based program that details development, marketing and management as a strategy for successful development of rural tourism. Tourism has been considered as a vehicle for economic regeneration and employment creation in the UK, too. A number of local authorities have sought to capture the potential economic benefits afforded by tourism and a number of studies have investigated the ways to maximize the benefits. Thomas and Long (2001) presented the development of employee skills as a key issue for effective tourism development. They examined the link between employee skills development and the contribution of tourism to regeneration in rural areas. Oppermann (1996) found a surprising fact in a study of farm based tourism in southern Germany: operators thought a ‘calm relaxing environment was the chief motivator of tourists, but to visitors the actual farm environment was only a backdrop. And although the environmental wisdom in Germany is that rural tourists are mostly middle-aged couples with children Oppermann(1995) found a bimodal distribution defined by couples and groups of four. Families were much more likely to stay on farms. Identifying and segmenting the rural tourism market is probably the lease researched and understood process in the rural tourism system. There are few studies that focus on the rural tourist, although one could assemble market facts from diverse sources and aggregate them into a comprehensive rural tourism market evaluation. 2.2 Rural tourism issues However, rural tourism development may not always be the best strategy for solving rural problems. The successful development of rural tourism depends upon planning and the existence of infrastructure, attractions, essential services, management, maintenance, and an accessible market. In the absence of any one of these elements, a rural region may find that tourism is not a cost-effective option, or that other development tools, such as investment in infrastructure and education, must precede the development of rural tourist attraction and services ( Edgell Carwright, 1990). Only when proper conditions prevail, can tourism be a contributor to rural economic development in the areas. Sandell argue about the tourism access issues. Rural tourism is, simply, about people. It is about tourists who visit and enjoy the countryside and who, in order to do so, must be able to travel to and within rural areas. In other words, for rural tourism to exist and, by implication, for it to benefit local communities, people must have access to the countryside. As tourism is increasingly developed in rural areas and as the demand for rural tourism grows, so too will there be a greater need other demands on the countryside but also with the longer term protection or conservation of the rural resources. As more tourists demand access and as rural planners and managers, eager to jump on the rural tourism industry, should be limited to Swedish citizens as a result of concern over the misuse of theses rights by overseas tourists (Sandell 1995) Ray Williams discussed problems as the division and opposition of city country, industry and agriculture, in their modern forms, are the critical culmination of the division and specialisation of about which, though it did not begin with capitalism, was developed under it to an extraordinary and transforming degree. Other forms of the same fundamental division are the separation between mental and manual labour, between administration and operation, between politics and social life. The symptoms of this division can be found at every point in what is now our common life; in the idea and practice of social classes; in conventional definitions of work, the year, the lifetime. Much of the creative thinking of our time is an attempt to re-examine each of these concepts and practices. It is based on the conviction that the system which generates and is composed by them is intolerable and will not survive. On new forms of decision-making, new kinds of education, new definitions and practic es of work, new kinds of settlement and land-use (William, 1975) Williams (1984) also argue that traditional forms of rural planning were related to development control by designating landscap

The Significance of Adult Education

Adult education encompasses planned and organized activities that consists of classes, lecture series, group study and systematic discussions and conference which involves mature men and women acquire new knowledge, understanding, attitudes, interests and values as a means of adapting and coping up with dramatic changes happening in the modern society and environment. It is dedicated to learning improvement and extension of opportunity for adults (encyclopedia Americana). Adult education is a form of continuing education that serves as a way of expanding horizons, developing understanding, creating meaningful activities and bridging the gap between generations. It has a critical role in a rapidly changing world by providing information and knowledge that people need in dealing with changing conditions. It is of great help in perceiving and solving crucial issues of the times. It can be a tool also for sustaining social relationship among aged adults. Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults. Adult education takes place in the workplace, through ‘extension' or ‘continuing education' courses at secondary schools, or at colleges or universities. Other learning places include folk high schools, community colleges, and lifelong learning centers. The practice is also often referred to as ‘Training and Development ‘and is often associated with workforce or professional development. It has also been referred to as andragogy (to distinguish it from pedagogy). Adult education is different from vocational education, which is mostly workplace-based for skill improvement; and also from non-formal adult education, including learning skills or learning for personal development. Programs provide one to one tutoring and small group sessions for adults at the 6th grade level or below. Public libraries, nonprofit organizations and school systems administer these programs across the country. Many adult education centers from community colleges receive grants from Welfare and Unemployment departments to offer training to welfare and unemployment recipients to help these individuals gain life and work skills to facilitate their return to the mainstream. They also provide programs for ex-offenders to reintegrate to society. There are underlying factors and forces which paved way for the development and improvement of Adult education. Changes in technological processes, in communication, in knowledge in social organization and in patterns of living implies that a modern man must constantly learn new ideas, new facts, new skills and new attitudes to keep up with the progress of the society. Through this kind of formal literacy education, adults develop the sincerity and aim to learn those things they need to know in order to cope effectively with the real life situation. Adult education is simply a continuation and way of improving prior knowledge of matured individuals. It believes and wanted to prove that adults are pragmatic learners. Adults frequently apply their knowledge in a practical fashion to learn effectively. They must have a reasonable expectation that the knowledge recently gained will help them further their goals. One example, common in the 1990s, was the proliferation of computer training courses in which adults (not children or adolescents), most of whom were office workers, could enroll. These courses would teach basic use of the operating system or specific application software. Because the abstractions governing the user's interactions with a PC were so new, many people who had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training courses, either at their own whim (to gain computer skills and thus earn higher pay) or at the behest of their managers. Adults by social definition, individual need, and institutional expectation are responsible people that seek to enhance their identity through learning that further develop their competence. They have a strong need to apply what they have acquired and in order for them to be competent in that application, there is a reciprocal needs of interaction between them and the rapidly changing environment to produce a powerful desire for more knowledge.

NSA Eavsdropping VS Privacy rights Essay

Abstract The United States government should not have the right to eavesdrop and target U.S citizens because of matter of national security. However if we have nothing to hide from the government, then why we should be afraid of the government eavesdropping on U.S citizens because of a national security reason, if according to the government it is to benefit and protect us? Should we give our privacy rights away for security? â€Å"Once you’ve lost your privacy, you realize you’ve lost an extremely valuable thing.† (Graham B. 1958). In this essay I will talk about the National Security Agency eavesdropping versus privacy rights. I will also discuss whether the National security agency should have or not the right to take U.S citizens digital privacy away in exchange of security. I will also share my opinion on which side I stand and the reasons why I believe so, supported by veridical facts that are known and have been exposed to the light from the United States government. However I will also emphasize the government’s point of view. Last after having both sides perspectives and facts, I will conclude explaining on which side I stand and the reasons why, based on the research that I will provide to the reader throughout the essay. Should the National Security Agency have the right to listen to all digital communications and target all Americans because a matter of â€Å"national security†? In order for the National Security Agency to have complete access to all types of digital communications it w ould need a warrant against all civilians. Therefore if the National Security Agency is really using secret warrants, then it is violating the fourth amendment of the constitution of the United Sates which is the part of the Bill of Rights that prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, it also requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned. Under the Fourth Amendment, law enforcement must receive written permission from a court of law, or a qualified magistrate, to lawfully search and seize  evidence while investigating criminal activity. Therefore if the national security is using these warrants against all U.S citizens, then all Americans are being considered criminals by the government. The Bush administration passed through the congress a secret warrant to give through the United States Department of Defense full access and authority to the National Security Agency to eavesdrop on all United States citizen digital communications and databases. Now what is the National Security Agency â€Å"NSA†, and what is the function and purpose of this agency? The National Security Agency is the main producer and manager of signals intelligence for the United States. Estimated to be the largest intelligence agency in terms of personnel and budget, the NSA operates under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense and reports to the Director of National Intelligence who is Keith Alexander. The National Security Agency is home to America’s code makers and code breakers. The National Security Agency has provided timely information to U.S. decision makers and military leaders for more than half a century. The National Security Agency is unique among the U.S. defense agencies because of the government wide responsibilities. National Security Agency provides products and services to the Department of Defense, the Intelligence Community, government agencies, industry partners, and selected allies. They also deliver critical strategic and tactical information to war planners and war fighters. According to this information that was shared by Keith Alexander in 2009, the National Security Agency clearly has a lot of power, however this power should be used to target potential threats against the U.S citizens, not the U.S citizens. In the past year, the NSA has repeatedly denied that it is collecting data on U.S. citizens. In March 2012, NSA chief Keith Alexander told Congress that his agency doesn’t even have the ability to collect data on Americans. â€Å"The NSA gathers intelligence under Section 702 of the FISA Amendment Act, which allows the NSA to gather data on non-U.S. citizens outside the U.S. It also gathers tens of thousands of â€Å"domestic communications† by and from Americans in its normal gathering of foreign surveillance, according to declassified court finding.† (PBS. 2013). Now we can observe that there is a contradiction in between what the National Security is saying about spying on people, and what many articles are actually saying. However if these accusations from the people are true, how can we be sure and support them  since the National Security Agency is a classified agency that will never disclose this information with the civilians? A former contractor from the National security agency Edward Snowden gave away his liberty and his salary, which was above two hundred thousand dollars a year. Just to tell the world through The Guardian that the National Security Agency was violating the fourth amendment and spying all digital communications and targeting all civilians as high risk targets against the United States. Snowden said he just wanted the public to know what the government was doing. â€Å"Even if you’re not doing anything wrong you’re being watched and recorded,† (CNN. 2013). Snowden told The Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom that he had access to the full rosters of everyone working at the NSA, the entire intelligence community, and undercover assets around the world. â€Å"I’m just another guy who sits there day to day in the office, watching what’s happening, and goes, ‘This is something that’s not our place to decide.’ The public needs to decide whether these programs or policies are right or wrong,† (The Guardian. 2013). When Edward Snowden issue happened and turned the people’s trust and faith against the government, the people started wondering and researching what were the methods that the government was using to target and spy all digital communications. PRISM, for example, is a clandestine mass electronic surveillance known to have been operated by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) since 2007. The Prism program collects stored Internet communications based on demands made to Internet companies such as Google Inc. The Apple Company just officially announced another source that helps the National Security Agency with data and information, when the iPhone 5s came out they announced that they would be sharing their database with National Security Agency. â€Å"Tim Richardson, District Manager of Apple’s North America Marketing Department admits about the sharing of Database with NSA, he said to Jane M. Agni† (Hackersnewsbulletin. 2013). The National Security Agency has been compiling a special database for over a year now to use with the new Apple technology. This clearly says that through the National Security Agency the government has an extremely high interest on listing and monitoring all communications of civilians. Of course people don’t find this acceptable, neither they can believe anything that leaders from the  government say. Civilians now think that when our leaders like the National Security Agency say nobody is listening to your phone calls, after the facts of the whistleblower, it actually means that all phone calls and digital communications are being intercepted, recorded and saved, then converted to text via a computer software which is PRISM. Prism then converted the txt into a metadata that gets analyzed by a computer algorithm and searched by National Security contractors. The contractors can listen to both recorded and live calls, as well as read emails, chats, financial histories, and then get the secret court rubber-stamp for the secret warrant, which is completely against the fourth amendment. However, the government is completely aware that this is a total violation of the fourth amendment, so they classified it as a matter of national security because they know if Americans realized what they are actually doing they will be upset and take action against it. Even if they spent billions of dollars trying to hide it, at some point the will truth come out. And president Obama said the same thing in 2008, but it seems that he didn’t take his own advice, that he gave to his administration in his first speech as president. Eventually the truth came out even that rumors of these violations were going around Edward Snowden made it official and this created many protests against the government. One of the main groups that took action against it is t he Anonymous group, who are an anonymous group of hackers from all around the world who work together against the government. Their weapon against the government is data information, they hack into classified networks and then they share the information they obtain with everyone. Their emblem is, â€Å"Knowledge is free, we are anonymous, we are a legion, we don’t forgive, we don’t forget, expect us.† If a government cannot be clear and not show their people what they want, then the civilians will stand up against the government and that is what the anonymous group is doing. For example, they are having a march on Washington D.C, and they are expecting 5 million people to show up to show the government how they feel about their acts and violations. If they don’t stop denying what has been clearly shown and proved by people from inside the government the people of the United States will take into consideration other options to change the government and its way of doing things without a permission of consent of the civilians. If we look back to history, every time there has been a revolution it is because  the people were tired of an oppressing government and they took action against it, but at the same time Americans are not focused on what is really happening in the government. They are too focused into what the media is feeding them which is another of the government’s methods to keep people distracted from the violations they are doing, and this is what all these anonymous type of groups are doing, which is to try to wake people up to the reality of all the rights we are losing because of a matter of national security. Internet References ACLU. (2013). â€Å"ACLU sues NSA for massive spying program† American civil liberties of union. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/secure/aclu-sues-nsa-massive-spying-program-stand-us CNN. (2013). â€Å"Man behind NSA says he did it to safeguard privacy, liberty. CNN Politics. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/10/politics/edward-snowden-profile/index.html Electric Frontier Foundation. (2013). â€Å"NSA spying on Americans†. Defending your rights in the digital world 2014. Retrieved from https://www.eff.org/nsa-spying Parks, Alika. (2013) â€Å"NSA wiretapping. â€Å"Government agencies foster unfair economic advantages†. The Huffington Post. September 9 2013. PBS. (2013) â€Å"NSA ability to intercept domestic communications raises more privacy questions† PBS Newshour. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/government_programs/july-dec13/nsa_08-21.html National Security Agency. (2009). Freedom of Information act. Retrieved from http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/foia/index.shtml The Guardian. (2013) â€Å"Latest on the computer analyst whistleblower who provided theGuardian with top-secret NSA documents leading to revelations about US surveillanceon phone and internet communications†. The NSA Files. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/edward-snowden Hackers News bulletin. (2013) â€Å" Apple admits, iPhone 5s finger print database to be shared with NSA†.HN Bulletin News. Retrieved from http://hackersnewsbulletin.com/2013/09/apple-admits-iphone-5s-fingerprint-database-shared-nsa.html